The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
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New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

263 SOUTHRN SHAN STATES
land highway is the Thazi-Taunggyi road (ro5 miles in length). This thoroughfare starts from Thazi on the Burma Railway, and the first 41 miles of it are in Burma. It then passes through the Hsamonghkam State for 34 miles, then through the Yawnghwe State for 3o miles, and
ends at Taunggyi. It is metalled and bridged for its entire length, and is very largely used by carts and mule and bullock caravans. A count taken at a given point showed that about forty carts passed that point daily. There are ten furnished inspection bungalows at suitable inter-
vals along the route. The Sinhe-Fort Stedman branch road (14 miles) is an unmetalled cart-road branching off near the 92nd mile of the Thazi-Taunggyi road. It has good timber bridges and lies entirely in the Yawnghwe State. A furnished inspection bungalow is situated at Mawlikhsat, 3 miles from its junction with the Thazi-Taunggyi road, and another at Fort Stedman, roq miles from Thazi. The Taunggyi-Wanpong cart-road (69 miles) forms part of the proposed Taunggyi-Kengtung cart-road. It is unmetalled but bridged, and the first
12 miles will probably be metalled shortly. It passes through the following States: Yawnghwe (1o.5 miles), Hopong (18.5 miles), Mongpawn (21.5 miles), Laihka (9 miles), and Mongnai (9.75 miles); and five furnished inspection bungalows stand on it. The Wanpong-Takaw cartroad as far as Kyusawk (48 miles) is a continuation of the Taunggyi-Wanpong cart-road towards Kengtung. It is unmetalled but bridged, and has four inspection bungalows. The whole of it is in the Mongnai State. The mule-road from Fort Stedman to Kengtung starts from near the ro5th mile of the Sinhe-Fort Stedman branch road, close to Fort Stedman, and 21 miles farther on joins the Taunggyi-Wanpong cart-road near Hopong ; it then leaves the latter highway at Mongpawn and goes 77 miles to Hsaikao and thence to Kengtung. It passes
through the following States: Yawnghwe (20.5 miles), Hopong (r mile), Mongpawn (6 miles), Mongnai (64 miles), and Kenghkam (q miles) ; and five inspection bungalows are situated along it. Feeder roads (bridged but not metalled), constructed by the chiefs, connect Lawk-
sawk, the States in the Nam Tamhpak valley, Karenni, Laihka, Mongkung, Kehsi Mansam, Mongnai, Mongnawng, and Mawkmai with the Government cart-road. Similar tracks travel north and south of the Thazi-Taunggyi road through the Myelat States.
With the exception of the Nam Pilu, none of the rivers of the States is navigable for any great distance, the Salween itself being too much obstructed by rapids. Country boats navigate the Nam Pilu between Loikaw, Fort Stedman (the mart for Karenni), Samka, and Mongnai.
There are nine ferries across the Salween, three across the Nam Pang, four across the Nam Teng, and two across the Nam Pawn. The ferries at Hko-ut (on the Nam Teng), Kenghkam (on the Nam Pang), and the Ta Kaw (on the Salween) are on the main road to Kengtung, and are
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ေဝႃးႁၢၼ်ၵႂၢမ်းတႆးဢၼ်လီလႆႈမႆၢတွင်း
Hsamonghkam = သႃမူိင်းၶမ်း
Wanpong = ဝၢၼ်ႈပူင်း
Hopong = ႁူဝ်ပူင်း
Hsaikao = သႆၢးၶၢဝ်
Loikaw = လွႆေၵႃႇ
Hko-ut = ၶူဝ်ဢုတ်ႇ
Ta Kaw = တႃႈေၵႃႈ