The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
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New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

256 SOUTHRN SHAN STATES
races inhabiting the Kengtung State across the Salween. In the central division they are not in the majority, the Taungthus taking their place, and they tend to confine themselves to the valleys, as along the Nam Tamhpak. In these States and in Loilong they are, however, numerous. In the rest of the Myelat States they are poorly represented. Next in importance from a numerical point of view are the TAUNGTHUS, of whom there were 124,900 in 1901. They abound most in the southern States of the central division, forming the entire hill population there ; and they are strongly represented in all but the Northern Myelat States, gathering most thickly on the mountains bordering Burma proper. Considerable numbers of them inhabit the western half of the eastern division, but in the Salween valley and in the north-eastern States they are practically unknown. The DANUS, a race of mixed Burman and Shan origin, and to a large extent speakers of Burmese, numbered 50,900 in igor. They are the preponderating race in the Northern Myelat States, and are strongly represented in the northern States of the central division. The total in rgor of the INTHAS (lake-dwellers), who inhabit the valley of the Inle Lake and of the Upper Nam Pilu, was so,5oo. The Hkun Shans,
numbering 41,5oo, are practically confined to the Kengtung State beyond the Salween, where too are found the hill-dwelling Kaws or AKHAS (z6,ooo), the Lu Shans (r6,zoo), and the WAS (z3,8oo). The Taungyos (16,5oo)-a hill tribe, who have been hitherto classified with
the Taungthus, but who are probably more closely allied with the Burmans-are met with in the centre of the Myelat division; the Karens (i8,7oo) live in the southern States of the central and eastern divisions bordering on KARENNI, and the Muhsos (r5,8oo)-a Tibeto-
Burman community who appear to be connected with the Lisaws- on the highest hills in the east of the Kengtung State. The PALAUNGS in rgor numbered r i,8oo. They are nowhere thickly distributed, but are spread over all the northern half of the Southern Shan States from Burma proper to the Salween, as well as in parts of Kengtung. The Padaungs (7,8oo)-a Karen community, best known to Europeans by reason of the brass rings with which their women elongate their necks- form a large part of the population of Mongpai, a State in the extreme south-western corner, on the Karenni border. Only 12, roo Burmans were enumerated in the States in rgor, although 91,700 persons were returned as ordinarily speaking Burmese. Less important from a numerical point of view are the Riangs or Yins (3,ioo), a pre-Shan tribe of Mon-Anam extraction, inhabiting the north-eastern cis-Salween
States, and very closely allied with the Palaungs ; and the Zayein Karens (4,140) of Loilong, the southernmost State of the Myelat division. There were not quite i,ooo Chinese in rgor, most of whom were born in the States. According to religion, Buddhists in igoi
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ေဝႃးႁၢၼ်ၵႂၢမ်းတႆးဢၼ်လီလႆႈမႆၢတွင်း
Nam Pilu = ၼမ့်ၽီလူး
Muhsos = မူးသူိဝ်း
Lisaws = လိေသႃး
Kaws or AKHAS = ေၵႃႈ
Mongpai = မူိင်းပႆၢး