The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
....................................
New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

250 SOUTHRN SHAN STATES
cis-Salween States, joining the Salween in the Kenghkam State after
a general southerly course. The Nam Teng rises , in the north in
Mongkung and flows south into Mongnai; there it bends eastwards
till within 13 miles of the Salween, after which it turns south-west, and
eventually joins .the Salween about 15 miles above the Karenni
boundary, after a course of about.a50 miles. West of the Nam Teng
is the Nam Pawn. This stream has its source in the hills of Laihka
and flows southwards into Karenni, emptying itself finally into the
Salween after a course of 300 miles. At about ao� N. it is joined
from the west by the Nam Tamhpak, which rises in the small Hopong
State and drains the eastern half of the central division, running
parallel with the Nam Pawn, at a mean distance of zo miles to the
west of it. West of the Tamhpak again is the Nam Pilu or Balu
chaung, which waters several of the small Myelat States, enters , the
Inle Lake, and then leaves it in a southerly direction, draining the
southern States; of the central division. It , finally enters Karenni,
where it disappears underground, its waters Bowing in unknown
channels to the Nam Pawn. A portion of the western States belongs
to the Irrawaddy drainage. The Nam Tu or Myitnge runs along the
northern boundary, receiving the waters of the Nam Lang, with its
tributary the Nam Et, from the south, before entering the Irrawaddy
valley. The last two rivers water the whole of the extreme north-
western area except the south-western portion of Lawksawk, which is .
drained by the Zawgyi. This stream has its fountain-head in he
Myelat, -runs north for some distance in the Lawksawk , State, -then
bends abruptly south-west, traversing the north of Maw, and finally
.leaves the hills in Kyaukse District to join the Irrawaddy. The
Paunglaung river rises in the hills that form the boundary between
Yamethin and the Myelat, and emerges on the plains in Yamethin
District, where it is renamed the Sittang.
The principal hill ranges, like the rivers, run generally north and,
south. Along the western boundary is a lofty range towering over the
plains of Yamethin and Kyaukse Districts, containing the prominent
peaks of Sindaung and Myinmati, near Kalaw, and averaging over
5,000 feet. East of this range lies the Menetaung range in Pangtara,:
a bold block of hills culminating in a peals known as Ashe-myin-anauk-
myin (7,678,feet); and east of that again the Loi Sang range divides
the valleys of Yawnghwe and the Tamhpak. Farther east, separating
the valleys of the. Tamhpak and the Nam Pawn, is a long range
terminating in,the north of Karenni, and rising to, over 8,ooo feet in
two peaks, Loi Mai and Loi Maw. . Beyond the, Nam Pawn` runs
a: parallel range, twice exceeding 8, ooo, feet. Eastward- of this, system
are no well-defined continuous hill ranges, the country up to the .
Salween consisting of 'a high plateau cut, up' by valleys; nor do'such
' C. S. Middlemiss, General Report, Geological Survey of India, i899-igoo,
p. 112.

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