The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
....................................
New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

248 SOUTHERN SHAN STATES
Shan States, Southern,-A group of Native States in Burma,
under the charge of a Superintendent, lying between r9� io' and
2s� 16'. N. and 96� 13' and rot� 9' E., with an area of about 36,ooo
square miles. They are bounded on the north by the Northern Shan
States, from which they are separated for some distance by the Nam
Tu or Myitnge river; on the east by China; on the south by China,
the French Lao territory, Siam, and Karenni; and on the west by the
Kyaukse, Meiktila, and Yamethin Districts of Upper Burma, and the
Toungoo District of Lower Burma.
With the exception of a tract on the western boundary and the
eastern half of the Kengtung State towards the China border, the
States lie in the drainage area of the Salween, which
Physical aspects
roughly bisects them, flowing first in a general.
southerly course, and then south-west into Karenni.
The eastern part of the Kengtung State drains into the Mekong, of
which the principal tributaries are the Nam Lwi, the Nam Lin, and
the Nam Hkok, the last named flowing for the greater part of its course
in. Chinese territory. The most noteworthy tributaries of the Salween
on its eastern side within the limits of the Southern Shan States are
the Nam Hka, forming the northern boundary of the trans-Salween
areas, and the Nam Hsim farther south. Its western tributaries are of
more, importance than its eastern, and their courses are all more or less
parallel with that of the Salween itself. The Nam Pang rises in South
Hsenwi in the Northern Shan States, and waters the north-eastern

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