The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
....................................
New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

248 NORTHERN SHAN STATES
States are kept in the State lock-ups. Long-term prisoners are sent to
serve out their sentences in a Burma jail.
Elementary education is imparted in the pongyi kyaungs of the
States, but the standard of literacy is low, and in 19or only 9.q per
cent. of the male population were able to read and write. American
Baptist Mission schools are maintained at Hsipaw and Namhkam,
and the Hsipaw school has 2 masters and about 40 pupils.
There are civil hospitals at Lashio and Hsipaw, with accommodation
for 22 in-patients, and a dispensary at Kutkai. In 1903 the number of
cases treated was 10,336, including 366 in-patients, and ir9 operations
were performed. The income amounted to Rs. q,8oo, derived almost
entirely from Provincial funds. There is a hospital at Hsipaw, managed
by the American Baptist Mission, with 24 beds. In 1903 the number
of cases treated at this institution was 1,846, including 2o in-patients.
Another hospital, under the same agency, is situated at Namhkam.
In 1903--4 the number of persons successfully vaccinated was 7,233,
representing 23 per 1,ooo of the population.
[Sir J. G. Scott, Upper Burnia Gazetteer (5 vols., Rangoon, 19oo-i) ;
Burma : a Handbooh of Practical Information (1906) ; C. C. Lowis,
:1 Note on the Palaungs (Rangoon, 1906).]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Graphics file for this page >> Sourthern Shan State