The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
....................................
New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

245 NORTHERN SHAN STATES
other tea (9 lakhs), teak' timber (7-5 lakhs), husked rice (z-3 lakhs);
ponies and mules, til seed, and'wax.
OF prime importance in the economy of the country is the Mandalay-
Lashio railway, i8o miles in length, of which 126 miles lie within the
Northern Shan States. The line is a "single track, and was constructed
in the-'face of'considerable engineering difficulties, of which not the
least notable was the Gokteik gorge, now: spanned by a viaduct. It had
been proposed to continue the railway about go miles farther east to
the Kunlong, an important ferry over the Salween, and eventually to
penetrate into Yfinnan ; but this extension is for the present in abey-
ance. The railway enters the south-west corner of the Hsipaw State
from Mandalay District, and traverses the' State in a north-easterly
direction, passing through Hsipaw town and ending at Lashio in `North
Hsenwi: The Sawbwas of HsTpaw and North and South Hsenwi have
spent large sums in constructing feeder roads through their States to
the railway. Practically parallel with the railway is the Government
cart-road from- Mandalay to Lashio, bridged but not metalled, running
for ` r i i miles through the States. The principal branch cart-roads,
connecting with either the railway or the Government cart-road, are
Nawnghkio to Tawnghkam (z4 miles), Nawnghkio to Kalagwe (35 miles),
Gokteik to Haikwi and Pongwo (18 miles), Pyawnggawng to Mdnglong
(55 miles), HsTpaw to M6ngtung (q6 miles); with branches to Kehsi
Mansam-(r3 miles) and to the Mdngkiing border, connecting with the
Southern Shan States system, HsTpaw to Tati (7 miles), HsTpaw to
Mdngyai (6r miles); M6ngyai to M6ngheng (37 miles), Lashio to
Tangyan (8o miles), with a branch to Mdngyai, Lashio to Hsipaw
(r4 miles), Lashio to Mongyang (21 miles), and Lashio to Kutkai
(5i miles). Innumerable rapids and rocks limit navigation on the
rivers to short reaches, and the only, boats in use, are dug-outs,
excepting at the ferries. The ferries across the Salween (as we descend
the, river) are the Mungpawn. and the M6nghawm, connecting the
Kokang district of North Hsenwi with the ,cis-Salween country, and
the Kunlong (near the mouth of the Name Ting). These lead into
North Hsenwi: Below them are the Mdngnawng (or Hsaileng): and
the Kawngpong, between South Hsenwi and the Wa country;, the
Kwipong, the Loihseng, and the Manhsum; used by' traders crossing
from West Manglon to East Manglon, Mdnglem, and other, places east
of the Salween.
Five. States are controlled by the Superintendent of the Northern
Shan States, the chief civil officer (a member of the Burma Com-
mission), who has his head-quarters at LASIiIo. These
are: NORTH HSENWI in the north, SOUTH HSENWI Administration.
near the Salween in the east, MANGLON in 'the south-east, HS PAW in
the south-west, and TAwxrPENG in the north-west. The WA. STATES

Graphics file for this page >> Sourthern Shan State