The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
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New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

235 NORTHERN SHAN STATES
arices in Hsenwi which led, in 1888, to the splitting up of the =State
into two portions; the troubles in West Manglon which resulted in its
incorporation in East Mangldn ; the suppression of disaffection among
the Kachins in the north; and the visit of the Anglo-Chinese Boun-
dary Commission. The Was have given trouble in the east from time
to time.
The most famous pagoda is the Mwedaw at Bawgyo on the Nam Tu
near Hsipaw. The annual festival held there in Tabaung (March) is
attended by about 5o,ooo people from all parts of the States. At
Mongheng in South Hsenwi is an ancient and revered shrine, built on
a rocky eminence aoo feet high. Several thousand people_ (including
Was from-across the Salween) worship at its annual timl in Tabaung.
At Manwap in the same State is the Kawnghmu Mwedaw Manloi,
supposed to have been built on the spot here Gautama Buddha
died in one of his earlier incarnations as a parrot. The pagoda at
M6ngyai, contains a brazen image of Suddhodana, father of Gautama
Buddha. The Kawnghmu Kawm6ng at Manhpai is popularly sup-
posed to be illuminated by nats - on moonless nights, and. another
enchanted pagoda is the large Homang shrine at Tangyan. The
Palaungs particularly revere the Loi Hseng pagoda on one of the
highest hills in Tawngpeng: Near it stands an ancient tea-tree, said .
to have been grown from the first seed ever introduced into the State:
At Tawnio in, kokang (turns-Salween Hsenwi) is a Chinese I joss-house'
consecrated to Kwang Fu Tso,' the military god of the Ran dynasty.
Its portals are guarded by statues of mounted soldiers, and within are
statues of armed foot-soldiers. Other North Hsenwi shrines of impor-
tance are the Se-u and the M6ngyaw pagodas; and the pagoda of the
White' Tiger at Namhkam.
The population of the Northern Shan States was not known with any
accuracy till the Census of rgor. Even then the whole country-lying
east of the Salween--Kokang, East Manglon,,and
the Wa States, as well as West Man&n, a moun-

tainous tract of no great width, extending along the western bank of
the Salween--�was omitted altogether from the operations, while the
population of portions of North Hseirwi was estimated. The total of
the estimated and enumerated areas was 321,090 (enumerated 275;963,
estimated 45, r z 7). That of. the omitted areas cannot have been less
than so,ooo (it was probably well above this figure), so that there is
reason to believe that, if a complete census could 4ave beef taken, the
total population of the States would have been found to be about
4ao,ooo. The distribution of population. for the area covered by the
Census of igor is shown in the table on the next page.
Religion and language statistics were collected' in the enumerated
areas'only. Here z&3,985' out of a total population of 275,963 were

Graphics file for this page >> Sourthern Shan State