The Imperial Gazetteer of India
Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir, 1860-1922.
Burn, Richard, Sir, 1871-1947.
Cotton, James Sutherland, 1847-1918.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, 1851-1911.
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New edition, published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931 [v. 1, 1909]

231 NORTHERN SHAN STATES
South of Kokang, in the Sonmu State, the country becomes a medley of hills and valleys, and retains this character throughout the rest of the trans-Salween portion of the Northern' Shan States, rising higher and' higher towards the eastern range which forms the watershed
between the Salween and the Mekong. South of this the country of East Monglon consists, broadly speaking, of the mountain mass which divides the Salween from the upper courses of its tributary, the Nam Hka.
The Northern Shan States are in the drainage area of the Irrawaddy and Salween rivers, all the streams on the west of the watershed finding their way ultimately into the Irrawaddy by way of the Nam Tu (Myitnge) or the Nam Mao (Shweli), and those on the east into the Salween. The watershed lies at no great distance from the last- named river; and the streams entering its right bank, -with the exception of the Nam Pang, referred to below, have consequently a comparatively short course, with a fall which makes many of them sheer mountain torrents. Among the largest are the Nam Nim and Nam Kyet. Those, entering from the left bank of the Salween are of greater length, among the most important being the Nam Ting, which flows from the east, rising in the neighbourhood of Shunning Fu in China; the Nam Nang of the Mothai country, and the Nam Hka which flows through the Wa States. The Na in Pang, although a tributary of the Salween, does not join that rivet in these States. It is the most important of all the Salween's affluents in this part of the country. Its head-waters are in the hills between Loi Leng and Loi Maw in the South Hsenwi State; and it flows from north to south, parallel to the Salween, for more than 1oo miles, separated from it by the intervening hills of Loi Maw, Loi Se, and Loi Lan, and enters the Salween.on its right bank four miles below the village of Kenghkam, in the Southern Shan States. It has many tributaries, which flow down from Loi Leng and Loi Maw, and farther south it is joined by the streams: which water the circles of Tangyan and Mongyai in South Hsenwi: The Nam Pang has recently been bridged by the Sawbwa of South Hsenwi at Mankat on the Lashio-Tangyan cart-road, where it has a breadth of nearly Zoo feet., The Nam Tu or MYITNGE is, after the Salween; the most important river in the Northern Shan States. The main stream rises in the Salween-Irrawaddy watershed, east of Hsenwi town, and, flowing generally westwards and southwards, is swelled above Hsipaw to a considerable river by the Nam Yao, which comes down from the Lashio valley, and by the Nam Ma, which winds through the South Hsenwi 'hills from Loi Leng. Farther down it is joined by the Nam Hsim on its right and by the Nam Hka on its left bank. . Ever pursuing its southward and westward course, it runs through deep gorges between Hsumhsai and Lawksawk, and finally

Graphics file for this page >> Sourthern Shan State

ေဝႃးႁၢၼ်ၵႂၢမ်းတႆးဢၼ်လီလႆႈမႆၢတွင်း
Monglon = မူိင်းလူိၼ်း
Nam Mao (Shweli) = ၼမ့်မၢဝ်း
Nam Nim = ၼမ့်ၼိမ်
Nam Kyet = ၼမ့်ၵျဵတ်း
Nam Nang = ၼမ့်ၼၢင်း
Kenghkam = ၵဵင်းၶမ်း
Mankat = မၢၼ်ႈၵၢတ်ႇ(ဝၢၼ်ႈၵၢတ်ႇ)
Lashio-Tangyan= လႃႈသဵဝ်ႈ-တၢင့်ယၢၼ်း
Mongyai = မူိင်းယႆ
Nam Ma = ၼမ့်မႃႉ
Nam Hsim = ၼမ့်သိမ်ႇ
Lawksawk = လွၵ်ႇၸွၵ်ႇ